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Vocabulary: different words of vocabulary and grammar

Very often, as a teacher, a "mother", an "educator", a member of  Associations, and while listening to different radios or watching varied TV channels,  or simply while discussing daily, I have felt a strong difficulty (or awkwardness) leading to a lack of communication... The conversation partners didn't understand one another. Sometimes, the conversation escalated because of this misunderstanding... I have often tried to understand the cause and have reached a conclusion that most of the times, many confusions came from imprecision on the terms used to clarify the points.

The grammar and vocabulary of a language do have their rules and "vocabulary"  which cannot be replaced... Choosing "the right word", or knowing the part of speech, gender, number or function of a term used in a speech, using them rightly, should clarify the misunderstandings. 

                            Colloquial: informal, familiar.   A cliché!

I) VOCABULARY:

              Prefixes   +             Root (word)                             +                     suffixes.

* an acronym : INITIALS which are pronounced like an ordinary word. «UFO»: Unidentifed Flying Objects

** a neologism: a new word or phrase or an existing word used in a new sense.

a portmanteau word= (brunch= breakfast + lunch)

- What does it mean?

- What do you call it?/ What's the name for it?

II) GRAMMAR:

Characteristics of a noun:

- gender: masculine - feminine - neuter -

- number: singular - plural -

- concrete or abstract?// Common or Proper?

Categories of words in grammar:

- a noun / an adjective / a determiner / a definite/ indefinite article / a pronoun  [ a personal pronoun/ a demonstrative / a relative / an interrogative / a possessive]

- a verb (the first/ second/ third person).[the root/ the endings]

- an adverb // a conjonction // a preposition

- a gerund

- a present participle (in -ing) / a past participle (- ed)

Functions:

- subject/ complement/ object

Modes:

- indicative / subjunctive/ conditional

Tenses:

- the present (tense)/ the future (tense)/ the past/ the perfect / the present perfect / the preterite/ the simple past/ the imperfect/ the past perfect/ the future perfect

This may look and sound a little tedious or, on the contrary, may seem really obvious to readers, yet, be very careful and you'll see that this isn't that simple. 

Come on now, go for the test!

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1. 'This is a set phrasecatch phrasetermI don't know. You should try to understand the context, and NOT translate it word for word.'



2. Students often have difficulties to use acronymcompoundclichéI don't know adjectives correctly. They tend to place the words in the wrong order.



3. Of course it’s faster to take notes using abbreviationsneologismsderivativesI don't know, provided you stick to the official system and are sure to make yourself understood by most.



4. This word signifiesabbreviatesderives fromI don't know a German word, not from Latin as you expected it.



5. 'This is the main analysiscategoryclauseI don't know, underlined in blue, and it has two subordinates, a relative and a conjonctive. They’re underlined in black.'



6. This word is no longer used in conversation. Being comparativeobsoletederivedsuperlativeI don't know, it may not be understood by everyone.



7. 'Sorry, but what you’ve just written is colloquialismmeaninglessobsoleteI don't know. Start again and reword it carefully if you want to get a good mark.'



8. The more striking, or shocking the idiomatic phrasecatch-phrasecompoundnonsenseI don't know of a product, the more it is remembered by customers who are willing to try it and adopt it.



9. acronymsUncountablesderivativeI don't know are quite tricky.Some need the verb in the singular, others in the plural.



10. 'In this exercise, you were asked to put the adjective in terminologyin the derivativein the comparativeI don't know, not in the superlative as you did.'