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Must / Have to
MUST HAVE TO
must and have to are used to express obligation or the need to do something.
They can be used interchangeably.
I) Meanings:
---MUST: (subjective obligation) In general, it expresses what the speaker thinks is necessary.
I must stop smoking. / We must go it's already midnight. /They must work harder.
__HAVE TO: (objective obligation) In general, it suggests that somebody else has imposed the decision.
Tom has to wear a uniform at school.
II) Affirmative clauses:
1° have to can be used in all tenses:
Tom had to wear a uniform last year / Tom will have to wear a uniform next year
Sonia is having to wait / she may have to come back tomorrow
2° must can be used to talk about the present or the future
Tom must call his mother tomorrow
but it can't be used to talk about the past ( you use have to)
III) Interrogative clauses:
Do you have to leave now? / Must you leave right now?
IV) Negative clauses:
The negative form of must and the negative form of have to are very different in meaning.
1° must not / mustn't is used to say that something is not allowed.
Children mustn't play with fire. / Passengers must not talk to the driver. / Visitors mustn't smoke.
'must not' can't be used to talk about the past, you use another structure.
example: We were not allowed to park near the museum.
2° don't have to means that there is no obligation to do something, but you can do it if you want.
You don't have to drink alcohol, you can have a soft drink.
She doesn't have to arrive before 9.
V) Example:
When the lights are red you must stop.
You mustn't go on.
VI) Video in English for advanced users:
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